Hey coders! Dive into this quick DDD tutorial to learn the Data Display Debugger for C++ and C programs. See how to launch DDD, set breakpoints, view source code, and use the GDB console. I’ll walk you through the basics, but check my GDB video first for a better debugging foundation. If you’re new to GUI debuggers or just curious, this is for you! Subscribe for more programming tips, and let me know in the comments if you want advanced DDD content. Scan the QR code for more tutorials!

Introduction to DDD 00:00:00
DDD vs GDB Comparison 00:00:04
Installation Instructions 00:00:56
Launching DDD 00:01:20
Source Code Window 00:01:57
Setting Breakpoints 00:03:16
Running and Debugging 00:04:08
GDB Console Commands 00:04:21
Modifying Breakpoints 00:05:20
Closing DDD 00:05:36
Recommendation to Learn GDB 00:05:48
Call to Subscribe 00:06:32
Website and Comments 00:07:17

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DDD debugger, Data Display Debugger, debugging tutorial, C++ debugging, C debugging, GDB debugger, programming tutorial, software debugging, coding for beginners, debugger GUI, set breakpoints, source code debugging, Ubuntu debugging, learn to code, programming tips

hey there in this video i’m going to give you a very very quick overview

of a program called ddd which you can use to debug your programs

disclaimer you should see my gdb video first before you watch this one because it’s much more

useful and in my personal opinion gdb is a much better debugger than ddd ddd ddd is actually

over GDB so it doesn’t really add any more functionality it’s sort of for

people who like to use GUI’s but the GUI is not it’s not very good but it’s

there if you’re still struggling with the command line anyway so yeah see my

other video if you want to learn about make files if you want to learn about

C++ C assembly GDB debugging all that stuff are in other videos but assuming

that you know how to use GDB we can start on DDD now DDD anyway if you don’t

Anyway, if you don’t have DDD on your system, you can go sudo apt install DDD.

I’m on Ubuntu.

You could use whatever package manage you have on your system like DNF or whatever.

So sudo apt install DDD.

I don’t have to do that because I already have it on my system, unfortunately.

Anyway, so the first thing that you can do is you can sort of launch it with DDD up here.

It’s called the data display debugger.

You can launch it and then you can attach it to your program for me.

attach it to your program for me i like to just launch it uh from the command line i’ll type ddd

and then the name of my executable i’ll build my executable real fast again this all this stuff is

in another video how to build and you know what so forth so i’m going to build my uh executable

and there it is main so i’m going to go ddd main and this is the uh i can’t remember the name of

display debugger yeah I don’t really like to use this anyway you can see that

right away there is a source code window visible which sort of looks at your

program’s source code if that’s not visible you can click on the view menu

item up here and start you know enabling and disabling windows there’s a data

window to let you look at data there’s a machine code window I’m just gonna

basically make sure that the GDB console is up and that the source window is up

when I closed both windows hoping that I could show you that I opened both of them it just shut

down the whole program okay anyway so yeah click view and make sure that the source windows open

so we can see our source code and then also make sure that the gdb console window is open so we can

type gdb commands and then um well you know probably if you know gdb you’ll you’ll you’ll

want to start typing commands here you know enter a breakpoint at main.cpp line you know

dot cpp line you know whatever but once you start doing that a lot you’ll realize maybe you don’t

need to be inside of ddd with ddd you can right click on a line and add a breakpoint manually so

that’s a little convenient i think we can do can we do control mouse no there’s a lot of obscure

areas here well you can go to the preferences and change the font size i think i’m not going to deal

with that in this video but so suppose for the sake of argument i wanted to break at this line

line right here I could just right click on it and I have to hold down the right

mouse and say set breakpoint and then I could do the same thing for this set

breakpoint and then for this set breakpoint so it’s a little more

convenient a little bit faster if you like looking at the text in this way to

set breakpoints and then you can disable breakpoints and you can delete breakpoints

and you can reset the execution position if you’re absolutely sure you know what

know what you’re doing you can have your program skip an area and jump somewhere and then once

i’ve kind of set up my break points i can go up here at the top this is the uh i forgot what

window this is called but i can basically hit run which i accidentally already clicked when i was

trying to resize the window there we go oh i can’t resize it okay so we’ll go run and uh

well now we’ve already hit a breakpoint right away notice how at the bottom in the gdb uh

GDB console area it says breakpoint 2 at line 36 and then there’s a green arrow here letting

us know that we hit one of our breakpoints already so then we can do normal GDB stuff

we can go info breakpoints just to kind of see what’s in there and you can resize with this

handle on the very right side I don’t think it works in the middle here I’ve tried it many times

but so you can kind of resize with this handle on the right side to get more real estate for

panel and so it’s telling me all right I did info breakpoints just to see the

breakpoints I can go info locals to see my local variables like a print a

variable you know all that all the normal GDB commands I’m gonna hit

continue and five to skip the next five times this breakpoints get hit this

breakpoint gets hit now the next breakpoint that gets hit is this other

one over here I can do the same thing info locals I can see the state of all

what is b you know what is i what is a what is whatever and when i’m finished i can say continue

and i can also modify my breakpoints by just sort of like deleting them enabling them disabling them

but that’s me trying to type everything in the terminal of course with ddd you can right click

on a breakpoint and disable it or delete it and so forth when you’re eventually done let’s see

kill the process and then you can just kind of exit DDD at this point or you can exit

the GDB console with Q and that’s it that’s the basics for DDD.

However again I strongly encourage you to learn GDB first and by the time you do that

you will probably not want to use DDD.

But I have to put up this video regardless.

Let me know if you’re interested in very advanced stuff covering DDD.

20 years, I might upload another DDD video. You never know.

Okay, thanks for watching this video.

I hope you learned a little bit, and I hope you go directly to the GDB video after this.

See you in the next one.

Hey everybody, thanks for watching this video again from the bottom of my heart. I really

appreciate it. I do hope you did learn something and have some fun. If you could do me a please,

Could you please subscribe and follow this channel or these videos or whatever it is you do on the current social media

Website that you’re looking at right now

It would really mean the world to me and it’ll help make more videos and grow this community

So we’ll be able to do more videos longer videos better videos or just I’ll be able to keep making videos in general

So please do do me a kindness and and subscribe

You know sometimes I’m sleeping in the middle of the night and I just wake up because I know somebody subscribed or followed

subscribed or followed. It just wakes me up and I get filled with joy. That’s exactly what happens

every single time. So you could do it as a nice favor to me or you could you could troll me if

you want to just wake me up in the middle of the night just subscribe and then I’ll just wake up.

I promise that’s what will happen. Also if you look at the middle of the screen right now you

should see a QR code which you can scan in order to go to the website which I think is also named

somewhere at the bottom of this video and it’ll take you to my main website where you can just

all the videos i published and the services and tutorials and things that i offer and all that

good stuff and uh if you have a suggestion for uh uh clarifications or errata or just future videos

that you want to see please leave a comment or if you just want to say hey what’s up what’s going on

you know just send me a comment whatever i also wake up for those in the middle of the night i

get i wake up in a cold sweat and i’m like it would really it really mean the world to me i

really appreciate it. So again, thank you so much for watching this video and enjoy the cool music

as I fade into the darkness, which is coming for us all.

Thank you.

The post DDD Debugger Tutorial: Fast Guide to Debugging C++ & C Code appeared first on NeuralLantern.com.

Confused by hexadecimal numbers? Don’t worry! This fun, step-by-step guide makes converting hex to decimal super easy, even for beginners. With clear examples and a chill vibe, you’ll master this computer science skill in no time. Perfect for students, coders, or anyone curious about number systems. Hit subscribe for more coding tutorials, and check out our site for extra resources! #HexToDecimal #CodingForBeginners #ComputerScience #LearnToCode

Introduction to Hexadecimal Conversion 00:00:00
Purpose of Conversion 00:00:11
Number System Basics 00:00:39
Hexadecimal Explanation 00:01:12
Converting Hex to Decimal 00:01:59
First Example Setup 00:02:35
Decimal Place Value Recap 00:03:02
Hexadecimal Place Value 00:05:14
Formula for Conversion 00:05:43
Translating Hex Letters 00:08:17
First Example Calculation 00:09:51
Second Example Introduction 00:11:14
Second Example Conversion 00:11:58
Second Example Result 00:13:11
Conclusion and Call to Action 00:14:00

Thanks for watching!

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Hello there. Let’s talk about converting hexadecimal to decimal.

So why would you do this? Of course, sometimes in computer science and other realms, you may be

faced with a number that looks like this, and it’s got some letters in there, and it’s weird,

and you’re thinking, oops, not a V. That wouldn’t work. Not a G. And you’re thinking like, what does

what does this number mean in decimal well this is a number that is real and we can just change

the way it’s represented uh to decimal so that we can understand what it is so just like a quick

recap if you haven’t watched my other videos yet uh in decimal we have a base 10 system which just

basically means we have these characters zero one two three four five six seven eight nine there

base is 10. In binary, of course, we have base two, which is just, you know, we have a zero and a one

because in the computer, which is why we learn binary, we just have on and off basically for

every single, you know, part of the computer. There’s just like a certain voltage or there’s

not a certain voltage and that’s it. And then for hexadecimal, which is a way to represent the same

numbers, but just in a more compact way. It’s a little bit more compact than decimal. It’s a lot

than binary we can say that this is base 16 which means we have 16 total characters that we can work

with zero one two three four five six seven eight nine and once we run out of numbers we just start

using letters so a b c d e f so there are 16 total characters if we include the zero which means we

So that’s the basics of you know the number basis let’s uh let’s work out how to convert a hex

number to decimal. So I’m going to say ox because in hex when you write down a hex number you should

usually put ox in front of it unless the program you’re working with doesn’t understand that but

usually especially for a human reader you should do it this way. So I’m going to just type like a

few random maybe I have to I have to keep the number small because hex will explode it’ll be

not careful. So I’m going to put like a I don’t know, maybe a few decimal numbers there or a few

like digits that are zero to nine, then I’ll just to make it more interesting, I’ll put some letters

in there. How about like an E there? And then I don’t know, like, we’ll do a B there. Okay, so

how many do I have? 12341234? How about we get rid of? Now, let’s go for it. This is going to be an

So this is our starting number hexadecimal. What we need to do is understand that, well,

a recap if you haven’t watched my other videos yet. In decimal we have, let’s say, 0, 1, 2, 3,

4, 5, 6. You know that the first digit has a strength of 1. You multiply 6 by 1 to understand

the real power of that 6. For the 5, you know that it has a power of 10 or a strength of 10

10 because it’s the next digit over you know to the left same thing for the four it’s like got a

strength of 100 and so every time you move to the left the strength of the digit increases by a

factor of 10. why does it increase by a factor of 10 because decimal is base 10 because we have 10

possible digits we can represent for each character okay so by the time we get to that

left, we have a strength of 100,000. So, you know, if you wanted to really understand 100,000,

if you really wanted to understand, you know, how powerful, let me, let me give some spacing here.

So this feels better. Okay. If you really wanted to understand like, you know, what is the strength?

What is like the actual value of this digit right here? You’re imagining this is like 100,000.

this digit here you’re imagining that this is two of ten thousand you know two times ten thousand

and so forth so uh uh just like another recap the first digit is really 10 to the zero power

like in terms of the strength because if you multiply um let me pin this to the top

if you multiply you know 10 to the something power and you start at zero with the most

the weakest digit 10 to the zero power gives a strength of one and then every time you move over

to the left you just increase the exponent there by one so 10 to the first power is going to be 10

that’s what that five has got so it’ll be five times 10 to give us an understanding of how you

know powerful that digit is move one over to the left it’s 10 to the second power so that’s 100

move one over to the left it’s 10 to the third power and so forth until we get to 10 to the fifth

1 times 10 to the fifth power to understand how powerful that is so we can do the same exact thing

with hexadecimal except instead of raising 10 to a power we raise 16 to a power because hexadecimal

is base 16 whereas decimal is base 10. so that means this e is is uh you know 10 to the or sorry

16 to the zero power and then that 3 is 16 to the 1 power and that f is 16 to the 2 power and so

16 to the 2 power and so forth so first what we should do is let’s write out a

formula which won’t work in a calculator because we’re going to put some letters

in there and then later we’ll translate the letters to actual values so we’ll

start off with the e we’ll say e times 16 to the something power it’s going to be

16 to the zero power okay so then the next digit is 3 so 3 times 16 to the

And then the next thing is going to be F times 16 to the second power.

And just as a reminder here, I’m starting with zero with the smallest digit.

And I’m just working my way up in steps of one.

So it’s zero power or raised to zero and raised to one and raised to two and just so forth all the way to the left.

That number will just keep increasing by one.

The exponent will increase by one.

times 16 to the third power do it again um one times 16 to the fourth power do it again

um d times 16 to the fourth power oh what did i do did i erase something

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Oh, that was supposed to be a 5.

Okay, maybe it’s good that I thought I made a mistake

because that drew my attention to the bad exponent.

Okay, so after the D is a B.

B times 16 to the 6th power.

And then one more.

We’ll say 6 times 16 to the 7th power.

And then another one.

A times 16 to the, whoops, to the eighth power.

And another one.

One times 16 to the ninth power.

Ninth power.

Okay.

So just double check your work real fast.

You know, because I make typos all the time and I get things wrong all the time.

So just double check.

Zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.

It’s sequential.

Double check the digits.

6 b d 1 3 f 3 e okay so i got that right i’m not going to erase my work because if i end up screwing

up the next part oh man is it going to be a hassle to correct so i’m just going to copy paste it here

and then i’m going to start translating the letters to numbers anytime you see a number here like one

time something it’s just one but every time you see a letter you have to translate that into

in decimal. Remember in hex, we’ll say, what can I do?

I can say A, B, C, D, E, F.

And I can say that the A is worth 10.

The B is worth 11.

The C is worth 12.

And the D is worth 13.

The E is worth 14 and the F is worth 15.

Well, maybe I should do the other numbers too.

five, six, seven, eight, nine,

just so we have a visual reminder

of like what we’re even looking at.

And I won’t write down what the digits are worth

because they’re worth themselves, right?

So like zero through nine, it’s just worth zero through nine.

So now that we have this little translation table up here,

anytime we see a letter,

we can just translate it very quickly to the decimal value.

So A is worth 10, we’ll put a 10 there.

Maybe I’ll add some spacing so that this continues to line up.

I see a B here, so the B is gonna be worth 11,

11 add another space so it lines up i’m running out of room but i’ll try the d is worth 13 add

another space so it lines up and then the f is worth 15 add another space so it lines up the e

is worth 14 so i’ll add another space so it lines up okay let me just double check my work here a b d

So now I’ve got like a big formula that I wrote out.

I can literally now, I mean, you can do this in your head if you’re like a crazy genius,

but I’m just going to paste this into a calculator and hit enter.

And this is the number that we had originally in hex.

Maybe I’ll put commas here to make things more fun.

I don’t know.

You don’t really need to do that, but I’m going to.

So for me, it’s easier to read.

this is uh like 113 trillion 478 no wait that’s a million and that’s a bill okay so 113 mil a

billion 478 million 25 022. let me punch up my personal calculator here to make sure that i’m

getting this right i’m not going to show this on the screen because i’ve just got this up

on my host machine bet you didn’t know i’m inside of vm right now surprised you didn’t know that

decimal and the number is supposed to be 113478025022 okay so we did this right we now know how

to convert from hexadecimal to decimal and it’s pretty awesome right okay let’s do another number

one that is not quite as hard let’s see how many digits do we have here one two three i think we

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Yeah, okay, we had 10.

Let’s do a five-digit hex number.

Okay, maybe I’ll copy…

I’ll copy just this table at the top

since you don’t need it anymore,

but I’m going to need it to do my calculations.

So we’ll do 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

and I’ll just start randomly changing

some of these numbers.

Like an 8 over here, and how about like a 2?

So I’ve got five numbers.

This is OX.

I’m going to say this is a hexadecimal number.

Kind of ambiguous if we tell the reader this is a hex number,

but then we put OX.

Kind of don’t really need to tell them that it’s hex

because OX tells you it’s hex.

It’s not even part of the value.

So let’s get on with it.

I’ll start by just doing 8 times 16 to the something power,

which is going to be 0 for that first position.

the power as we go to the left so it’s going to be 1 times 16 to the first power and then it’s

going to be f times 16 to the second power and then it’s going to be 2 times 16 to the third

power oh no my thoughts are wandering i think i’m getting bored of recording this video i’m starting

to the fourth power but honestly why couldn’t they end up together so and

then I think one two three four five okay so that’s five digits a to f one

eight a to f one eight all right zero one two three four just to make sure

that I got my exponents right copy paste it so I don’t have to repeat my work if

I get something wrong I’m gonna translate the letters into numbers so a

becomes 10 f becomes 15 and the other numbers are fine as is I can just copy

fine as is I can just copy paste this whole thing stick it into a calculator and now I know that

this number is actually 667 416 with a little comma in there don’t put commas if you are taking an

exam somewhere if you’re watching my video to help with your exam because most most likely the exam

that you’re taking will not accept a comma it’s not been pre-programmed for a comma I don’t know

If you start typing numbers and a comma just shows up, then it probably was programmed for a comma.

But don’t assume it might be a string match and not a numeric match.

So be careful out there.

Be careful.

So 667-416.

Let me punch this into my personal calculator just to make sure I got this right and I don’t have to issue an errata.

667-416.

All right.

We’ve done it.

We know how to convert hexadecimal numbers into decimal numbers.

Thank you so much for watching this video. I hope you enjoyed it and had a little bit of fun and

learned a little bit of stuff. I’ll see you in the next video. Hey everybody, thanks for watching

this video again from the bottom of my heart. I really appreciate it. I do hope you did learn

something and have some fun. If you could do me a please, a small little favor, could you please

subscribe and follow this channel or these videos or whatever it is you do on the current social

It would really mean the world to me and it’ll help make more videos and grow this community.

So we’ll be able to do more videos, longer videos, better videos, or just I’ll be able to keep making videos in general.

So please do me a kindness and subscribe.

You know, sometimes I’m sleeping in the middle of the night and I just wake up because I know somebody subscribed or followed.

It just wakes me up and I get filled with joy.

That’s exactly what happens every single time.

So you could do it as a nice favor to me or you could troll me if you want to just wake me up in the middle of the night.

Just subscribe.

just wake me up in the middle of the night just subscribe and then I’ll just

wake up I promise that’s what will happen also if you look at the middle of

the screen right now you should see a QR code which you can scan in order to go

to the website which I think is also named somewhere at the bottom of this

video and it’ll take you to my main website where you can just kind of like

see all the videos I published and the services and tutorials and things that I

for clarifications or errata or just future videos that you want to see please leave a comment or if

you just want to say hey what’s up what’s going on you know just send me a comment whatever I also

wake up for those in the middle of the night I get I wake up in a cold sweat and I’m like

it would really it really mean the world to me I would really appreciate it so again thank you so

much for watching this video and enjoy the cool music as as I fade into the darkness which is

the darkness which is coming for us all.

Thank you.

The post Hex to Decimal Made Easy: Fun & Simple Conversion Guide! appeared first on NeuralLantern.com.

Want to master decimal-to-hexadecimal conversion? Join me in this fun, beginner-friendly tutorial where we break it down with clear examples?like turning 223 into 0xDF! From number systems to handy calculator tricks, I?ll guide you step-by-step, no stress. Bonus: my dog makes a cameo! Perfect for coding newbies or anyone curious about hex. Subscribe for more easy tech tutorials, and let me know what you want to learn next! #DecimalToHex #CodingBasics #LearnToCode

Introduction 00:00:00
Number Systems Overview 00:00:12
Decimal vs. Hexadecimal 00:00:39
Hexadecimal Digits Explained 00:01:06
Conversion Process Introduction 00:01:40
First Conversion Example Start 00:02:10
Handling Remainders 00:02:38
Dog Interruption 00:03:16
Continuing First Conversion 00:03:43
Finalizing First Conversion 00:06:04
Reversing Digits Order 00:06:24
Mapping Numbers to Hex Letters 00:07:34
Verifying First Conversion 00:08:48
Hexadecimal Prefix Importance 00:10:57
Second Conversion Example (223) 00:11:34
Third Conversion Example (2816) 00:13:32
Hex and Binary Relationship 00:14:56
Padding Zeros in Hex 00:16:07
Video Conclusion 00:16:58

Thanks for watching!

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Hello there.

Let’s talk about converting decimal to hexadecimal.

Hopefully you’ve watched my other videos by now, but basically we have different number

systems, number bases that we can use.

We have decimal, which is a base 10.

which is base 10 or sorry base 16.

We can basically convert back and forth between all of these systems.

We can represent the exact same number just in different ways.

Just as a quick refresher.

Decimal, we can have characters that are 0 through 9, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

That’s 10 total characters.

That’s why it’s base 10.

In binary, we have, you know, just characters 0 and 1.

characters 0 and 1 and in hexadecimal it’s meant to compact the representation a little bit it has

more characters or more possible characters per digit than decimal so the number is going to be

a little bit shorter usually unless it’s like very very small than decimal and it’ll be a lot shorter

than the same number in binary so in hexadecimal we start off with 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.

And then to get the remaining digits, we just go A, B, C, D, E, F.

So we have this many characters.

It’s 16 total characters.

We can represent a number between 0 and 15.

So that’s a difference between, you know, hexadecimal and decimal.

Now let’s learn how to actually convert.

So I’m going to start off with a number.

I’m just going to type like a random number here.

Hopefully this doesn’t go on for too long, the conversion.

decimal number is just that. How do we convert? If you watch my other videos, it’s basically the

same thing as converting from decimal to binary, except instead of dividing by two, because binary

is base two, we’ll divide by 16 because hex is base 16. So I’m going to start off by saying,

let’s take the original number and we’ll divide it by not two, 16. What does that equal? There’s

no way I’m doing this in my head. So I’m just going to use a calculator for every single step,

going to use a calculator for every single step not even going to try I’m

going to say this number divided by 16 is 5 1 1 7 5 7 with some sort of a

remainder so I’m gonna go 5 1 1 7 5 7 remainder something so in most

calculators you can just punch up the modulo operator which is like the

percent symbol before I do that I just want to point out 0.75 is 3 4ths of

of whatever it is that is one you know that one character can represent we know

we can represent 16 different values what’s 16 divided by 4 that’s 4 so three

of those should be like 12 I hope unless I’m saying something totally wrong so

I’m gonna do modulo so that’s 12 okay remainder 12 my dog is growling at me

He likes to lie about peeing.

He doesn’t actually pee.

He already did a huge pee and then three times after that at 20 minute intervals, he went

out there and lifted his leg and just like three squirts came out and he expected a giant

treat for it.

I’m not doing it.

You’re not getting that treat.

I expect a big pee pee if you want a treat.

You dog?

Dang little dog.

Okay.

So, here we are still dividing.

here we are still dividing. I got the remainder. So then we just need to take, you know, the

quotient result, you know, what is the result of actually dividing, just carry it over to

the next line. I’m going to do some spaces to make it look all even and continue to divide.

So divided by 16 equals something. Don’t forget that if you have the modulo operator over there,

you got to take it out, go back to division. It’s going to be 31984 remainder something.

what’s the remainder i’m just going to get the modulo i don’t want i don’t want to recall what

0.8125 is i’m sure some of you out there can already do that but it is 13 remainder 13.

um so i’m gonna go 319 divided by 16 31984 divided by 16 so it’s going to be 1 999 okay so carry that

over real fast though divided by 16 equals 1 9 9 remainder something there’s no decimal point at the

There’s no decimal point at the end of that so I can just assume the remainder is going to be zero.

If you want to double check to be sure, which is a good idea, use the modulo operator.

If your calculator doesn’t have modulo, find another calculator or jump into Python or something.

So I’m going to carry over 199 to the next line there.

1, 2, 4, remainder, whatever modulo says, 15.

That’s pretty cool.

All right, then I’m gonna carry it over,

just 1, 2, 4, divided by 16 again.

If you were hoping I’d be able to do it in my head by now,

you were wrong.

1, 2, 4, divided by 16, it’s gonna be 7.75,

so just like seven, remainder something.

What did I say last time for the 3 4ths?

Was that 12?

whoops, I can’t remember anymore.

12, yeah, okay, so remainder 12.

And then we’ll carry it over and we’ll say 7 divided by 16.

So we know that, you know, 16 doesn’t really fit into 7 at all.

So it’s going to be 0 remainder, whatever the number is.

Let’s punch it here just to double check.

We’ll say 7 divided by 16.

You can see that it’s 0.

And then the remainder is going to be 7, just, you know, what the original number was.

number was. So now at this point when the actual you know carry down quotient is

going to be zero then we just have zero divided by 16 equals just zero remainder

zero and it’ll just continue like this forever and ever and ever and ever and

ever. So this is how you know you’re done. Another thing that I mentioned in

other videos is how do we actually know where the zeros belong? I mean if you

read this intuitively from the top to the bottom you might think that you know

you know the top number is going to be like the first digit but it’s actually

backwards it goes from the bottom up the reason you can know that is again based

on my other videos if we just type a random decimal number here if I add

zeros to the right side I’m actually changing the value of the number I’m

making it bigger but if I add zeros to the left side I’m not changing the value

at all so that means those zeros here which could go on for infinity based on

how much tenacity you have they should be on the left side because you don’t

side because you don’t want any amount of these zeros to change the value of your number because

they you know it’s an arbitrary number of zeros based on how how fast you get tired of doing zeros

so that means if i go from top to bottom i have to reverse it if i go from bottom to top it’s

already going to be in the right order or sorry if i if i correlate or if i map bottom to top to mean

left to right then it’s fine already if i map top to bottom for left to right then i’ll have to

For left to right, then I’ll have to reverse it when I’m done.

So I’ll do it both ways just to show you.

But there’s one more step we need to do because in hexadecimal,

we have more characters than decimal.

We have to translate what does this 12 and 13 and these other numbers mean.

Luckily, we had some of them in there.

It could have been too easy.

So remember in hex, we have 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

And then we have A, B, C, D, E, right?

So we know that the value of 0 is 0 and 1 is 1 and 2 and 2 and so forth, right?

Like 9 is 9.

But what’s the value of A?

For each increasing digit, the value just goes up by 1.

So that means that A is worth 10.

I’m going to write this vertically just so that you understand that this means the strength

of the A is 10.

And then the strength of the B is going to be 11 because it just increases by 1.

The strength of the C is 12.

The strength of the D is 13.

Oops, I forgot the F.

Oops, I forgot the F. Hit F in the chat if you forgot the F too.

So the strength of the E is 14. The strength of the F is 15.

And then we’re done. And remember, there’s 16 digits total.

So the highest value is 15 because it includes the zero.

So, you know, 16 total possible values you could represent, but the highest value, 15.

So that means every time we see a 12 here,

say that that’s really a C and every time we see actually let me let me put

the other C in there real fast every time we see a 13 that means it’s a D

every time we see a zero zero through nine it just it means the original

number oh wow we only had two digits that are gonna mean the original number

so mark my words you know the 15 is gonna be an F every time you see zero

one two three four five six seven eight nine it maps to the same number so seven

maps to seven it’s totally fine the only time it maps to a letter is of course when you exceed nine

so 10 and above are going to map to letters so now i have these mappings i just need to sort of scan

uh my my work to come up with the correct hexadecimal number so i’ll start from top to

bottom because it’s a little bit harder that way and it’ll be more brain practice i’m going to go

and then you know as many zeros as you decided to calculate and hopefully this

reminds you oh no I’m increasing the value by adding the zeros that means I

have to reverse everything so I’m gonna get rid of these zeros though and I’m

gonna reverse it 7cf0dc okay great now let’s double check because it’s always

a great idea to check your work in different ways with different methods to

decrease the possibility that you’re accidentally wrong so now I’m gonna go

So now I’m going to go from bottom to top and see if it’s the same thing.

7 C F 0 D C. Does it match? Yes.

So now I’m pretty confident that I have the right answer.

Let me punch this up in my personal calculator real fast.

I’m going to do just to double check the work before we cut the camera,

because if I’m wrong, I want to be able to correct myself right away.

Instead of coming back with another video later,

which sometimes I guess I’ll have to do.

f0 dc is the correct answer all right so we now have converted our first number from decimal to

hexadecimal nice and by the way if you didn’t already know this you’re supposed to put a

prefix in front of hexadecimal numbers not necessarily in every program that asks for

hex input some of them are not programmed that way but in general when you expect someone to

read your numbers if it’s hex you want to put ox in front of it because you don’t want them to

confuse, let’s say we have this number and this number and this number. All three of those could

be a different number depending on whether they’re binary or decimal or hex. But if you put the

symbols in front, this is binary, this is hex, then now the reader knows that these are three

different numbers and they can infer what the numbers mean. Okay, so let me, let’s just do like

another number. We’ll make it a little bit smaller so it’s easier. We’ll say decimal and we’ll go two,

and we’ll go 2 2 3.

So it’s faster.

So we start off with 2 2 3,

we divide it by 16,

and that’s going to be something.

So 2 2 3 divided by 16

is going to be 13 remainder something.

I’m going to do the modulo operator.

And by the way,

if you don’t have a modulo operator

and you can’t figure out a better way to do this,

a good trick is to just say,

let’s take 13,

because that was the answer, right?

13 point something.

We’ll take 13 and multiply that by 16 again,

that by 16 again so it goes higher then take the difference between that and the original number

so we can say 223 minus uh the number multiplied back up and it’ll tell us that our remainder is 15.

let’s see was that actually the remainder let me just double check here oh gosh what am i doing

223 modulo 16 15 yeah there it is if you’re lazy like me you could also do something like this i

and I don’t have a modulo.

I’ll do 13 times 16 and it’s 208.

And then I’ll just subtract the original number

and then we get negative 15,

but then I know it’s not negative, I know it’s 15.

So it’s just like, it makes you a little bit faster

in the calculator.

So this number I think was too small

because we just do 13 and then divide that by 16.

Obviously the answer is gonna be zero remainder 13.

And we just have a two digit hexadecimal number.

digit hexadecimal number. Let’s do that real fast. What is 15 going to be? It’s A and no, no,

no, not A. Sorry. That’s F. Subtract two from that. D E F. So it’s going to be D, I think.

So then if we go from bottom to top, it’s going to be O X D F. Let me double check that I’m

telling you the right thing. 223 D F. Okay. So we got it right. Let’s do something just like a

not as difficult as the first one so I’ll try four digits maybe two two two two

how about that four digital four digital digits how about that we’ll do

two eight one six divided by 13 equals something two eight one six divided by

16 that’s 176 remainder something there’s no decimal point so I can just

16 is 176 divided by 16 is 11.

Another zero remainder.

Getting kind of boring though, isn’t it?

Remainder zero.

And then we’ll do 11 divided by 16.

That’s going to be zero remainder 11.

That’s too easy.

Okay.

So what is zero?

Zero is zero.

You’re welcome.

And then what is zero?

It’s also zero.

0, it’s also 0 and then what is 11? That’s B.

So we should have a number now of 0xB00 if we’re going from the bottom to the top.

If you go from the top to the bottom of course it’ll be 00B and then you reverse it B00

but I just wanted to skip that step for now.

Let me punch this up into my personal calculator to make sure I don’t need to make a correction.

B00, there we go.

Also, you know, here’s another thing to keep in mind.

it’s to read you know sets of bytes which typically go in patterns of one byte or two

bytes or four bytes or eight bytes or whatever so the cool thing about hex is one character

can represent a number from zero uh to 15 or 16 combinations and if you think about that in binary

that’s four bits right it’s like one two three four one two four eight multiply eight by two

16 subtract 1 is 15.

So you can go from 0 to 15.

So that means for every character in hex,

you get four characters of binary.

So it’s like a huge savings, right?

But the point is, if you wanted to represent one byte,

that’s not going to be four bits.

That’s going to be, you know,

four bits followed by four bits for a total of eight bits.

Even if there are zeros in the beginning,

in binary, if you’re representing a byte,

But in binary, if you’re representing a byte, you typically want to pad the zeros to the

left so that it looks like it’s aligned to nice blocks of eight or 16 or 32 or 64 in

terms of bits.

So we should do the same thing with hex.

We should always have two hex digits together.

We should try not to have like an odd number of hex digits.

And if you want to get more strict than that and say like, oh, only, you know, two or four

eight you can do that but i just will say pad it with a zero to the left remember when you pad a

number with zeros to the left it doesn’t change the value like if i just put a bunch of zeros in

front of this decimal number it wouldn’t change the value so we can do that with hex and it looks

nicer and neater and people can quickly see okay so there’s like a byte right there it’s ob

they can imagine oh that byte is probably um 11. so there’s like a like an 11 byte it’s like got

a sequence of zeros and ones and then there’s another byte right after it which is smaller

which is smaller, which just has zeros.

So it just helps the reader visualize what’s going on.

Okay, I’m going to cut the video here.

I hope you enjoyed this video.

I hope you learned a little bit of stuff and had a little bit of fun.

I’ll see you in the next video.

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